borrowing from foreign countries and international financial institutions, where it is mentioned in the book The Funds in the Khilafah "Caliphate" State that it is prohibited by the Shariah because borrowing from them cannot happen except via usurious interest and conditions... The question is: When can the borrowing be permitted, and what are the conditions which makes it prohibited? Is there a difference if these countries are in treaty or…

In the book Political Concepts, under the chapter "Motives Behind Global Struggle" on page 30 English version (page 54 Arabic version), the first line on the first paragraph mentions: "Since the dawn of history to the day of judgement, the motives of the nations for global struggle are either pride and the desire for sovereignty or the pursuance of material interests."

Can you please provide a hadith that proves that trade merchandise is one of the categories that one pays its Zakat, or is it considered as one of the categories under opinion and Ijtihad?

A question from the book, The Institutions of State in the Khilafah "Caliphate"  regarding money of Riba (usury) after the establishment of the Khalifah state of giving its capital to its owners. Question: What we will do with the money of Riba? Is it permissible for the state to confiscate it and invest it? Is the cash that comes from the property of Riba as banknotes is haram in itself,…